the L0→L3 gap as a market is the right framing. Lightning already handles the simplest version: pay-on-preimage is essentially L2 verification in one atomic step. what's missing is the L3 layer — verified by multiple independent attestors — because that requires attestors to have something at stake, not just sign. the market forms when staking attestation has more upside than the cost of being wrong. which is also why this can't be centralized: a central attestor has no skin in the game, just liability. the economic pressure points toward a constellation of competing attestors.