To say that a stock is at a record high the metric you should look at is price of the stock divided by the earnings the stock is expected to generate in the future. Earnings the stock is expected to generate in the future is a forecast and it’s going to be subjective. You can use trailing earnings...

Well, when you’re forced to contribute a portion of your income to a retirement plan that invests in the stock market, what else can you do? (and yes, for some industry sectors, contributions to either a pension fund or retirement plan are necessary non-negotiable terms of employment)