I disagree they are mathematical models, there is no math in what they do, actually it is very mathematically incoherent. What AIs are is word pattern recognition, not math. U prompt them with words, ...
So to clarify, AIs are NOT mathematical models, they work as code models but are extremist ideological word pattern recognition models that work on code designed to enforced certain agendas. Coding has nothing to do with math, you can compile simulations showing flying pigs.