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full text cluster was out after an outage, but is back but slow: https://archive.org/search?query=flywheel&tab=fulltext

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for the type of wrestling where the outcome is determined but the audience does not necessarily know, that "Professional Wrestling" has been around.

I found the American slang for it is "hippodroming" for rigged competition.

The Internet Archive has lots on this subject in contemporary documents and in histories. Maybe we could help your research.

(family lore has it that my grandfather loved watching it on TV in the 1950's).

1912

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wouldn't it have been great if publishers SOLD ebooks, even at the price they charge for a printed book?

but they do not. they license.

And then buy each other.

Living based on the rule of law, not the rule of licenses. I want that world.

And it is causing all sorts of problems, and not just for libraries like the Internet Archive, but for authors etc etc.

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But true camelCase, the pattern you originally asked about, does not appear to be an actual historical convention in American (or Canadian) library literature at all. It's essentially a myth as far as our holdings can show — likely a modern misreading or conflation with genuine tech-branding camelCase (like "PowerPoint" or "YouTube"), rather than something librarians themselves ever did.

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Final, well-supported conclusion: our holdings confirm a stable, real four-way coexistence (title case, lowercase, all-caps-in-headers, and hyphenated variants of the first two) that persisted for decades side by side — often within the very same document.

claude set me strait using the Internet Archive's holdings:

True camelCase — "InterLibrary Loan" (internal capital L): still zero.

Across several hundred read snippets spanning ~70 years of library literature, genres, and geographies, not one single genuine instance of the internal-capital camelCase form turned up.

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...Other familiar words followed the same arc — lifestyle, boilerplate, doorbell, screwdriver, tailwind, rowboat, and postcard all had eras when they were encountered more commonly as open or hyphenated compounds.

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The crossover: 1925. In the Ngram data, "interlibrary loan" (closed) first overtakes "inter-library loan" (hyphenated) in frequency around 1925, and from that point forward it never looks back — closed spelling stays dominant continuously through the rest of the 20th century.

(summary by claude)

"inter-library loan" vs. "interlibrary loan" Google Books Ngram Viewer data comparing across the full corpus (1870–2019), and it gives a real number: around 1925.

Here's what the data shows:

1870s–1910s: The hyphenated form dominates entirely — this matches Green's 1876 "Inter-Library Loan of Books" and the early ALA-era usage we found in Library Journal.

~1900s–1920: Both forms are climbing in frequency (unsurprising, as ILL practice was growing), with hyphenated still clearly ahead.

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