@Caleb James DeLisle
Don't Follow Me.
(See pinned post)
DeltaChat: http://dc.cjd.pkt.wiki/
Relays (1)
- wss://relay.ditto.pub – read & write
Recent Notes
> A Farnsworth Fusor is a fantastic science project, every boy ought to build one.
> But don't you even think about putting any thoreum anywhere near that fusor, you hear me?
> But don't you even think about putting any thoreum anywhere near that fusor, you hear me?
Happy Gates Is In More Trouble day for those that celebrate.
What would actually be pretty funny would be like a 1.25 scale microbus so that people look at it and they're like "hmm, I always remember them being smaller, I guess we were smoking a lot of weed back then"
Update, we're back.
My shit broke ass home network will still continue to be shit and broke ass because procrastination can be done later.
My shit broke ass home network will still continue to be shit and broke ass because procrastination can be done later.
Welp, internet is fucked. However, the peering between my ISP and OVH is still working. And I'm kinda too lazy to throw up a VPN.
So I literally can't do anything else online except shitpost here.
Haiii
So I literally can't do anything else online except shitpost here.
Haiii
I am informed that the pope is not Christian
🤣1
Volvo FiveCyl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULWksHCOzJc
I've got a slightly newer one of this, but diesel so it only revs to about 5k and doesn't sound as good. Though ironically it has more horsepower.
I've got a slightly newer one of this, but diesel so it only revs to about 5k and doesn't sound as good. Though ironically it has more horsepower.
I don't know any of the back-story behind this, but this looks like exactly the kind of thing you say when you are laser focused on winning.
ENERGY SUPER THREAD:
1. Outdoor wood boilers, can they make power? https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B1WHsx8vsg8SPElL9s
2. Modeling a solar installation: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4AxzjQOsx3xR16ghk - this is really where I became aware that energy storage is a big issue...
3. You can get military vehicle decoys off Alibaba, why not store hydrogen in them? https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4B9NCgLNBlSKXxWYC
4. Use excess energy for vacuum drying (and make hydrogen): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4OE1gKlTMIqkVtxyK
5. If you have an electric car and a woodgas generator at home, you effectively have a woodgas car... https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4WmrIu8mLsQqfumIK
6. Introduction to EVs (for people who actually want to "own" their car): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4isEL9ViuygL262wS
7. Turning a classic car into an EV: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4squlHghPPjDgcYeu
8. My EV wishlist (this was later released, it's called the Slate Truck) https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B51UuwFhTHTgfR0faK
9. Nobody's really building coal or petroleum based power generation anymore, even China and India: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B5vWpvh0rPYmA651bE
10. Hybrids are efficient because the engine is tuned entirely for efficiency, but would be unusable to drive without the battery: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B62CIRsw1f71BL8Lse
11. Thermo-acoustic Engines! https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B63TiBTXYG4yCF4Zfs
12. EV adoption is a social contagion, after about 30%, adoption flies up to >90% https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B67MYUwGPVzscNmXcO
13. 200kw 50% efficient external combustion generator: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B68NnAHJnmJbzs9D2O
14. Kite style flying wind generators https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B6AXlhdADPkSiSE8Ce
15. Off-grid settlement https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B6RYHoznfdQsVpRu8u - not directly energy-related, but my analysis on this lead to realizing energy is THE PROBLEM and that motivated a lot of further research on the topic.
16. Gasoline from air sourced CO2 capture? Chemistry is real but it doesn't look that feasible. https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B6nYlVPgqhW56w9nQO
17. Methanol synthesis! https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B78b0GqhYqk8Vo7O2S
18. Hybrid Airplanes (not as dumb as they look): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B9mPndssHnkF3SP7lg
19. Turns out, EV battery fires are super rare (who knew): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BATr3jThMSrANBGtaS
20. Sunday Energy Post, storing energy with hydrogen: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BAqT8uoMirk4hqxHZw
21. Tangental: Nobody Understands Leyden Jars: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BAySnj8t1CerbFWADY
22. Sunday Energy Post, flow batteries: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BB56iMu1RKxmI8KAVs
23. Sodium metal fuel cells: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBBDmFBpvG2e9nDAga
24. Sunday Energy Post, flow batteries #2: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBJ5jdjywTPh3v6qjA
25. Ammonia is probably going to be the winner: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBKXuuhdD3FEjH8Mtc
26. Climate Change is (almost certainly) made up bullshit. https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBSoz8VR5GQ5BPhyb2 - The real reason to de-carbonize is because carbon requires mining, refining and transport which is irreducibly expensive. Not because tHe WoRlD iS EnDiNg
27. Fusion Energy is a Booby Prize: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBXXaCKT0Q2KN0trNo
28. Sunday Energy Post: Making ammonia at a smaller scale: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBY8wNTZwGiNcIbLBA
More to come...
1. Outdoor wood boilers, can they make power? https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B1WHsx8vsg8SPElL9s
2. Modeling a solar installation: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4AxzjQOsx3xR16ghk - this is really where I became aware that energy storage is a big issue...
3. You can get military vehicle decoys off Alibaba, why not store hydrogen in them? https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4B9NCgLNBlSKXxWYC
4. Use excess energy for vacuum drying (and make hydrogen): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4OE1gKlTMIqkVtxyK
5. If you have an electric car and a woodgas generator at home, you effectively have a woodgas car... https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4WmrIu8mLsQqfumIK
6. Introduction to EVs (for people who actually want to "own" their car): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4isEL9ViuygL262wS
7. Turning a classic car into an EV: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4squlHghPPjDgcYeu
8. My EV wishlist (this was later released, it's called the Slate Truck) https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B51UuwFhTHTgfR0faK
9. Nobody's really building coal or petroleum based power generation anymore, even China and India: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B5vWpvh0rPYmA651bE
10. Hybrids are efficient because the engine is tuned entirely for efficiency, but would be unusable to drive without the battery: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B62CIRsw1f71BL8Lse
11. Thermo-acoustic Engines! https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B63TiBTXYG4yCF4Zfs
12. EV adoption is a social contagion, after about 30%, adoption flies up to >90% https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B67MYUwGPVzscNmXcO
13. 200kw 50% efficient external combustion generator: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B68NnAHJnmJbzs9D2O
14. Kite style flying wind generators https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B6AXlhdADPkSiSE8Ce
15. Off-grid settlement https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B6RYHoznfdQsVpRu8u - not directly energy-related, but my analysis on this lead to realizing energy is THE PROBLEM and that motivated a lot of further research on the topic.
16. Gasoline from air sourced CO2 capture? Chemistry is real but it doesn't look that feasible. https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B6nYlVPgqhW56w9nQO
17. Methanol synthesis! https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B78b0GqhYqk8Vo7O2S
18. Hybrid Airplanes (not as dumb as they look): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B9mPndssHnkF3SP7lg
19. Turns out, EV battery fires are super rare (who knew): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BATr3jThMSrANBGtaS
20. Sunday Energy Post, storing energy with hydrogen: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BAqT8uoMirk4hqxHZw
21. Tangental: Nobody Understands Leyden Jars: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BAySnj8t1CerbFWADY
22. Sunday Energy Post, flow batteries: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BB56iMu1RKxmI8KAVs
23. Sodium metal fuel cells: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBBDmFBpvG2e9nDAga
24. Sunday Energy Post, flow batteries #2: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBJ5jdjywTPh3v6qjA
25. Ammonia is probably going to be the winner: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBKXuuhdD3FEjH8Mtc
26. Climate Change is (almost certainly) made up bullshit. https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBSoz8VR5GQ5BPhyb2 - The real reason to de-carbonize is because carbon requires mining, refining and transport which is irreducibly expensive. Not because tHe WoRlD iS EnDiNg
27. Fusion Energy is a Booby Prize: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBXXaCKT0Q2KN0trNo
28. Sunday Energy Post: Making ammonia at a smaller scale: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBY8wNTZwGiNcIbLBA
More to come...
Okay it's time for the Sunday Energy Post!
For people who are new here, we're talking about storing energy. Solar panels are very cheap so there's no reason not to install enough to provide power throughout the year. But solar energy is so asymmetrical that if you have enough panels for "some" power in dark winter months, you're making a SHITLOAD of power in the summer. These Sunday posts are about how to store that energy.
After a broad review of the available technologies, I have become convinced that Ammonia is the most realistic. Batteries will always have a place in temporary storage, given their fantastic efficiency and simplicity of operation, but the price of batteries is too high and for seasonal storage, so ammonia - despite lower efficiency and more hassle - is ideal for filling he gap.
Ammonia has the chemical formula NH3 so all of its components can be gotten directly from air and water. You don't need to truck in a carbon source like coal - and then deal with mineral impurities and so on.
Ammonia is a gas like propane, and it has about half the energy-per-liter. It can be used in an internal combustion engine, or in a fuel cell. It should not be used in a stove as it is toxic and very smelly.
The whole challenge with ammonia is in making it. The classical method requires heat and pressure (the two devils). To wit, 350C (600F) and 300bar (4000psi). This is done in large ammonia plants which have extensive heat recuperation equipment so that they themselves are quite efficient. However, in whole they are inefficient because reactants must be transported to the plant and ammonia must be transported away to the customer. The reaction vessel for making ammonia looks like [fig 1].
I know of two promising technologies for scaling ammonia production down, one is to use a piston to make heat and pressure, and the other is electrochemical to avoid heat and pressure altogether.
The piston idea is basically that (like in a diesel engine or diesel fire piston [fig 2]) you can get a lot of heat and pressure, temporarily, just by compressing a volume of gas with a piston. Moreover, the majority of that heat and pressure energy is given back to you as the piston returns, saving you the need for a large, high pressure, high temperature heat exchanger.
The piston idea was patented in https://patents.google.com/patent/US4816121A/en and https://patents.google.com/patent/US10399860B2/en (both of which are now expired). However, there is essentially nothing written on whether this Actually Works.
The key question is whether the reaction can be made to happen fast enough that a useful amount of H2+N2 is reacted in each stroke of the "engine".
---
The other promising direction is electrolytic. The topic of "Green Ammonia" is HOT HOT HOT. There are papers, chemistries, startups, and patents popping up like mushrooms all over. Apparently a lot of people have reached the same conclusion that I have.
The real challenge is breaking N2 into single atomic nitrogen because the N2 triple bond is pretty strong (hence nitrogen being considered "inert").
A chemistry that I find quite compelling is Lithium Nitride based [fig 3]. The challenges are:
1. Getting the metallic lithium exposed to nitrogen (gas) to make Li3N (Lithium Nitride)
2. Driving electrolytic hydrogen to the Li3N to release NH3 (ammonia) and return Li+ to plate off as metallic lithium
3. Avoiding the hydrogen ions turning the lithium into LiH (Lithium Hydride) which will then not interact with nitrogen
4. Preventing the metallic lithium from reacting with the electrolyte, which has the job of carrying H+ ions to the Li3N - lithium is insanely reactive and it wants to fuck up everything it touches - which is why it works on nitrogen...
5. Preventing absolutely any water or oxygen from sneaking into the cell, because these will react with the lithium and make LiOH and other trash that is insanely hard to return to useful metallic lithium.
1 is tricky because you want the lithium to touch gasious nitrogen so it becomes Li3N, but also to touch electrolyte so it can be converted back. I think the best idea is to have a cell with liquid level cycling up and down - like breathing.
Choice of electrolyte is another challenge, it needs to transport hydrogen, but it also needs to avoid interacting with lithium. A popular electrolyte is ethanol, but ethanol converts lithium into lithium ethoxide and hydrogen gas. This is mitigated by the fact that it creates an SEI (solid-electrolyte-interface) which stops further degradation. But I'm not that favorable to the SEI because nitrogen needs to also pierce through it. This is not a lithium ion battery.
My favorite electrolyte is actually ammonia itself. Yes, it means the cell must run under some pressure (11bar / 150psi or so), but it reduces the number of unique chemicals in the cell, and it means there's no separation of gasses needed. The only gas is nitrogen, and the product ammonia becomes part of the electrolyte. The interaction risk with ammonia is the same as with hydrogen, it can hydrogenate the lithium - so problems 3 and 4 become the same problem.
Problem number 5 is two-fold, firstly it requires very good nitrogen cleaning because you're pulling N2 out of the air and you don't want any H2O, O2, or other stuff coming along with it. Getting N2 contaminants down to low-PPM numbers is a more-or-less solved problem. The bigger problem is from the hydrogen side. If you want to generate ammonia *efficiently*, you want to combine it with water electrolysis, because the lithium hydride will assist in pulling the H+ ions across, reducing the energy input. So what you do is put water on one side of the cell, ammonia on the other, and a membrane between them. But the membrane must be nearly perfect at excluding H2O while carrying H+. Ion exchange membranes are commonplace, but they typically need to be "wet" in order to work, and they generally leak at least a little bit of water across. There are also ceramic ion carriers, but they need to be hot in order to work. Finding an H+ carrying membrane carrier that will be very good at not passing water is an important part of building a good electrolytic ammonia cell.
For people who are new here, we're talking about storing energy. Solar panels are very cheap so there's no reason not to install enough to provide power throughout the year. But solar energy is so asymmetrical that if you have enough panels for "some" power in dark winter months, you're making a SHITLOAD of power in the summer. These Sunday posts are about how to store that energy.
After a broad review of the available technologies, I have become convinced that Ammonia is the most realistic. Batteries will always have a place in temporary storage, given their fantastic efficiency and simplicity of operation, but the price of batteries is too high and for seasonal storage, so ammonia - despite lower efficiency and more hassle - is ideal for filling he gap.
Ammonia has the chemical formula NH3 so all of its components can be gotten directly from air and water. You don't need to truck in a carbon source like coal - and then deal with mineral impurities and so on.
Ammonia is a gas like propane, and it has about half the energy-per-liter. It can be used in an internal combustion engine, or in a fuel cell. It should not be used in a stove as it is toxic and very smelly.
The whole challenge with ammonia is in making it. The classical method requires heat and pressure (the two devils). To wit, 350C (600F) and 300bar (4000psi). This is done in large ammonia plants which have extensive heat recuperation equipment so that they themselves are quite efficient. However, in whole they are inefficient because reactants must be transported to the plant and ammonia must be transported away to the customer. The reaction vessel for making ammonia looks like [fig 1].
I know of two promising technologies for scaling ammonia production down, one is to use a piston to make heat and pressure, and the other is electrochemical to avoid heat and pressure altogether.
The piston idea is basically that (like in a diesel engine or diesel fire piston [fig 2]) you can get a lot of heat and pressure, temporarily, just by compressing a volume of gas with a piston. Moreover, the majority of that heat and pressure energy is given back to you as the piston returns, saving you the need for a large, high pressure, high temperature heat exchanger.
The piston idea was patented in https://patents.google.com/patent/US4816121A/en and https://patents.google.com/patent/US10399860B2/en (both of which are now expired). However, there is essentially nothing written on whether this Actually Works.
The key question is whether the reaction can be made to happen fast enough that a useful amount of H2+N2 is reacted in each stroke of the "engine".
---
The other promising direction is electrolytic. The topic of "Green Ammonia" is HOT HOT HOT. There are papers, chemistries, startups, and patents popping up like mushrooms all over. Apparently a lot of people have reached the same conclusion that I have.
The real challenge is breaking N2 into single atomic nitrogen because the N2 triple bond is pretty strong (hence nitrogen being considered "inert").
A chemistry that I find quite compelling is Lithium Nitride based [fig 3]. The challenges are:
1. Getting the metallic lithium exposed to nitrogen (gas) to make Li3N (Lithium Nitride)
2. Driving electrolytic hydrogen to the Li3N to release NH3 (ammonia) and return Li+ to plate off as metallic lithium
3. Avoiding the hydrogen ions turning the lithium into LiH (Lithium Hydride) which will then not interact with nitrogen
4. Preventing the metallic lithium from reacting with the electrolyte, which has the job of carrying H+ ions to the Li3N - lithium is insanely reactive and it wants to fuck up everything it touches - which is why it works on nitrogen...
5. Preventing absolutely any water or oxygen from sneaking into the cell, because these will react with the lithium and make LiOH and other trash that is insanely hard to return to useful metallic lithium.
1 is tricky because you want the lithium to touch gasious nitrogen so it becomes Li3N, but also to touch electrolyte so it can be converted back. I think the best idea is to have a cell with liquid level cycling up and down - like breathing.
Choice of electrolyte is another challenge, it needs to transport hydrogen, but it also needs to avoid interacting with lithium. A popular electrolyte is ethanol, but ethanol converts lithium into lithium ethoxide and hydrogen gas. This is mitigated by the fact that it creates an SEI (solid-electrolyte-interface) which stops further degradation. But I'm not that favorable to the SEI because nitrogen needs to also pierce through it. This is not a lithium ion battery.
My favorite electrolyte is actually ammonia itself. Yes, it means the cell must run under some pressure (11bar / 150psi or so), but it reduces the number of unique chemicals in the cell, and it means there's no separation of gasses needed. The only gas is nitrogen, and the product ammonia becomes part of the electrolyte. The interaction risk with ammonia is the same as with hydrogen, it can hydrogenate the lithium - so problems 3 and 4 become the same problem.
Problem number 5 is two-fold, firstly it requires very good nitrogen cleaning because you're pulling N2 out of the air and you don't want any H2O, O2, or other stuff coming along with it. Getting N2 contaminants down to low-PPM numbers is a more-or-less solved problem. The bigger problem is from the hydrogen side. If you want to generate ammonia *efficiently*, you want to combine it with water electrolysis, because the lithium hydride will assist in pulling the H+ ions across, reducing the energy input. So what you do is put water on one side of the cell, ammonia on the other, and a membrane between them. But the membrane must be nearly perfect at excluding H2O while carrying H+. Ion exchange membranes are commonplace, but they typically need to be "wet" in order to work, and they generally leak at least a little bit of water across. There are also ceramic ion carriers, but they need to be hot in order to work. Finding an H+ carrying membrane carrier that will be very good at not passing water is an important part of building a good electrolytic ammonia cell.
0 days on fedi without an accusation of Judaism.
Great video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1KZ2yZX15Q
French and Italian car companies pushing back against the soullessness of modern EVs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1KZ2yZX15Q
French and Italian car companies pushing back against the soullessness of modern EVs.