Dolphins are quietly disappearing from some of the world’s great rivers — and in a few places, fewer than 100 are left.
One of the most heartbreaking examples is the Irrawaddy dolphin. With their rounded heads, gentle expressions, and almost constant “smile,” these dolphins are famous not just for their looks, but for their rare cooperation with humans. In Myanmar’s Ayeyarwady River, Irrawaddy dolphins have learned to work alongside local fishers, herding fish toward cast nets and signaling with tail flicks — a behavior passed from mother to calf across generations.
This relationship goes far beyond fishing. Irrawaddy dolphins are woven into local culture and folklore, support ecotourism, and form deep emotional bonds with riverside communities. But today, their future is hanging by a thread. The three major freshwater populations — in the Mekong, Mahakam, and Ayeyarwady rivers — each number fewer than 100 individuals. As a species, they are officially listed as endangered.
Living so close to people exposes them to constant danger. Gill nets are the biggest killer, but they also face toxic fishing pellets, electrofishing, chemical pollution, dams that fragment rivers, and heavy boat traffic. Conservationists fear they could vanish like China’s Yangtze river dolphin, or follow the vaquita toward near-extinction.
Efforts to save them are underway. In Indonesia’s Mahakam River, researchers are fitting fishing nets with acoustic pingers to warn dolphins away, while river patrols remove illegal gill nets and communities are engaged through education programs. In Cambodia, scientists and supporters swam 120 kilometers along the Mekong to raise awareness and funds, pushing for enforcement of dolphin-safe zones and alternative livelihoods for fishers. Meanwhile, Bangladesh’s Sundarbans mangroves host a stronger population of around 6,000 Irrawaddy dolphins — offering hope, if long-term, community-centered protection continues.
Saving Irrawaddy dolphins isn’t just about protecting a species. It’s about preserving living relationships between people, rivers, and wildlife — and honoring cultures that, in some cases, cherish these dolphins as family.
Source:
National Geographic (2025)
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
