Bitcoin BIP 110 in a nutshell
In short, BIP 110 is not a permanent ban on data or a hard fork. It is a temporary, targeted restriction on the most abusive methods of embedding non-monetary data in Bitcoin transactions.
It remains one of the most debated proposals in recent Bitcoin history.

Bitcoin BIP 110 Explained
BIP 110, titled "Reduced Data Temporary Softfork" (also known as RDTS), is a proposed temporary soft fork (lasting about one year) that aims to limit the insertion of arbitrary (non-monetary) data into Bitcoin transactions at the consensus level.

Main Objective:
It seeks to protect Bitcoin’s role as sound money by curbing what its supporters call “spam” — primarily Ordinals inscriptions and other arbitrary data that have significantly increased since the Taproot upgrade.
The goals are to:
1. Reduce the burden on full nodes (blockchain size and UTXO set growth).
2. Lower excessive transaction fees caused by this data.
3. Refocus development priorities on monetary use cases rather than data storage.

The proposal explicitly rejects the standardization of arbitrary data storage as a supported use case by the Bitcoin consensus rules.

The 7 Technical Rules
During the active period, the following additional consensus rules apply:
1. New scriptPubKey outputs larger than 34 bytes are invalid, except for OP_RETURN outputs (which are allowed up to 83 bytes).
2. OP_PUSHDATA* payloads and witness stack elements larger than 256 bytes are invalid (with limited exceptions, such as BIP16 redeemScripts).
3. Spending undefined witness versions (anything other than Witness v0 or Taproot) is invalid.
4. Witness stacks containing a Taproot annex are invalid.
5. Taproot control blocks larger than 257 bytes (Merkle trees with more than 128 script leaves) are invalid.
6. Tapscripts containing any OP_SUCCESS* opcodes (even if not executed) are invalid.
7. Tapscripts that execute OP_IF or OP_NOTIF (regardless of the condition result) are invalid.

Important note:
These rules only apply to new UTXOs created after activation (a mechanism called “grandfathering”). Pre-activation UTXOs remain fully spendable without restrictions, even after the soft fork expires.
Activation and DurationActivation method: A modified version of BIP9 with miner signaling using bit 4.
Threshold: 55% of blocks in a difficulty period (1,109 out of 2,016) for early lock-in.

Timeline (as of mid-2026):
Signaling began in December 2025.
Mandatory signaling period starts around block 961,632 (projected early-to-mid August 2026).
Lock-in guaranteed by block ~963,648.
Activation around block 965,664 (early September 2026).
Duration: Rules remain active for 52,416 blocks (~1 year) and then expire automatically.

Context and Controversy:
Proposed in late 2025 by Dathon Ohm, BIP 110 was added to the official Bitcoin BIPs repository. It has sparked significant debate in the Bitcoin community during 2026:
Supporters argue it corrects distorted incentives, protects node decentralization, and reaffirms Bitcoin’s primary purpose as money.
Critics see it as a dangerous precedent that could risk a chain split, break certain Taproot use cases or tools (e.g., some Lightning or advanced scripting features), limit future innovation, and have limited long-term effect since spammers can adapt.

As of July 2026, miner signaling remains very low (under 1%), while node support (mostly from Bitcoin Knots implementations) is around 5–8%.

Sources:
Full BIP text: github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0110.mediawiki
Dedicated site: bip110.org

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